Osteoporosis can lead to serious bone fractures, particularly in the hip, forearm, wrist, or spine. While these fractures may seem minor, they can result in significant complications including reduced mobility, depression, and even premature death.

Currently, 25% of American women and 5% of men over 65 have osteoporosis. Modern treatments can reduce fracture risk by 50-70%, with benefits far outweighing potential risks.

Here are the five main types of osteoporosis medications and their key characteristics:

1. Bisphosphonates

• Most commonly prescribed
• Reduces fracture risk by over 60%
• Examples: Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva, Reclast
• Rare but serious side effects include jaw osteonecrosis and atypical femoral fracture
• Drug holiday recommended after 3-5 years of use

2. Parathyroid Hormone Drugs

• Helps build new bone
• Examples: Forteo, Tymlos
• Required daily injections for 18-24 months
• Reserved for severe cases
• Limited to 2 years of use due to safety concerns

3. Human Monoclonal Antibodies

• Includes Prolia (every 6 months) and Evenity (monthly for 1 year)
• Evenity both builds bone and decreases bone loss
• Can reduce fracture risk by over 70%
• Evenity carries cardiovascular risk warning

4. Estrogen Replacement Therapy

• First FDA-approved osteoporosis treatment
• Effective for menopausal women
• Concerns about breast cancer and cardiovascular risks
• Used selectively based on individual risk factors

5. Calcitonin

• Older treatment option
• Less effective than newer medications
• Available as injection or nasal spray
• Concerns about cancer risk with long-term use

Prevention and management of osteoporosis should include:

• Regular bone density screening
• Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake
• Regular weight-bearing exercise
• Smoking cessation
• Limited alcohol consumption
• Fall prevention measures

Consult your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on your individual risk factors and medical history. Regular monitoring can help ensure treatment effectiveness while minimizing potential side effects.

Related Articles

Previous Articles