Vaginal infections are common conditions that can cause discharge, itching, burning, pain, and odor. While some are sexually transmitted, many common infections are not. Understanding these conditions is crucial for proper treatment and prevention.

Common causes of vaginal infections include:

• Douching
• Hormone level changes
• Antibiotic use
• Sexual intercourse
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding

The three most common types of vaginal infections are:

Yeast Infections

• Caused by candida fungus (most commonly Candida albicans)
• Symptoms: thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
• Additional signs: vaginal itching and redness
• Usually treated with antifungal medications

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

• Occurs when beneficial lactobacilli bacteria levels drop
• Often caused by Gardnerella bacteria overgrowth
• Symptoms: thick whitish or clear, slippery discharge
• Notable fishy odor, especially during intercourse
• Treatment: oral antibiotics or vaginal creams/gels

Trichomoniasis

• Sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis parasite
• Symptoms: burning, irritation, redness, and vulvar swelling
• Discharge: yellow-gray or greenish with possible fishy odor
• May cause pain during urination
• Treated with prescribed antibiotics

Other Important Vaginal Conditions:

Chlamydia

• Often symptomless
• Regular testing recommended for sexually active women up to age 26
• Can affect fertility if untreated

Gonorrhea

• Highly contagious STI
• May be asymptomatic
• Can cause discharge and pain during urination or sex

Noninfectious Vaginitis

• Caused by irritants rather than infection
• Treatment involves removing the irritant
• May require steroid treatment in some cases

Atrophic Vaginitis

• Common during menopause
• Caused by decreased hormone levels
• Results in thinning and drying of vaginal walls

Proper diagnosis by a healthcare provider is essential for effective treatment of any vaginal infection or condition.

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