Migraine attacks and cluster headaches are distinct conditions that require different treatments. Here's how to tell them apart and find effective relief.

Key Differences in Symptoms:

Migraine Attacks:

• Moderate throbbing or pulsing pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Light sensitivity
• Can be preceded by aura (visual disturbances)
• Relief found in dark, quiet rooms
• Duration: 4-72 hours
• Frequency: 1-2 times per month typically

Cluster Headaches:

• Severe, piercing pain (like "hot poker through eye")
• Runny nose and watery eyes on affected side
• Sudden onset with no warning
• Usually one-sided
• Causes restlessness and agitation
• Duration: 15 minutes to 3 hours
• Occur in clusters for weeks/months

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Migraine: Strong genetic component (50-75% hereditary)
• Cluster Headaches: Less genetic influence (6% hereditary)
• Common triggers: Alcohol, stress, hormonal changes (for migraine)

Treatment Options:

Acute Treatment:

• Migraine: Triptans, NSAIDs, gepants, ditans
• Cluster Headaches: Injectable triptans, high-flow oxygen, nerve blocks

Preventive Treatment:

• Migraine: Beta-blockers, anti-seizure drugs, antidepressants
• Cluster Headaches: Verapamil, steroids

Both conditions tend to improve with age. Proper diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, as management strategies differ significantly. Consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

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