The first measles death in the United States since 2015 has been reported in western Texas, where at least 124 cases have been confirmed since January, primarily within a Mennonite community.

Of the confirmed cases, 101 occurred in children under 18, with only five cases in vaccinated individuals. The outbreak center, Gaines County, reports a concerning 82% kindergarten vaccination rate, well below the 95% threshold needed to prevent outbreaks.

Key Facts About Measles:

• One of the most contagious diseases worldwide
• 90% infection rate among exposed unvaccinated people
• Virus remains active in air and on surfaces for up to 2 hours
• Symptoms appear within 14 days
• Contagious 4 days before symptoms show

Common Symptoms:

• Widespread skin rash
• High fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Eye irritation

Complications occur in 30% of cases, including:

• Ear infections
• Diarrhea
• Pneumonia (rare)
• Encephalitis (rare)
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (rare)

Vaccination Guidelines:

• Children: Two doses of MMR vaccine
  • First dose: 12-15 months
  • Second dose: 4-6 years
• Adults born before 1957: Considered immune
• Adults born after 1957: May need vaccination if uncertain about status
• Healthcare workers and international travelers may need boosters

Treatment Options:

• Vaccine within 72 hours of exposure
• Immunoglobulin within 6 days of exposure
• Over-the-counter medications for symptoms
• Plenty of fluids and rest

In 2024, the U.S. reported 285 measles cases, with 40% requiring hospitalization. Globally, 2023 saw over 10 million cases and 107,000 deaths, mostly among unvaccinated children under 5.

Experts emphasize the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates to prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations. While the current Texas outbreak may not spread nationwide, it highlights the risks of declining vaccination rates and the need for continued vigilance in preventive healthcare.

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